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The U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday issued a string of decisions on its final day of the current session, including one involving a ban on transgender athletes.

The decision states the obvious: “The differences [between mean and women] include, among other things, height, weight, strength, speed, endurance, and jumping ability. ”

“Therefore, in contact sports, forcing female athletes to compete against males can create significant safety risks. And in virtually all competitive sports, forcing female athletes to compete against males can undermine competitive fairness,” Kavanaugh wrote.

Justice Sotomayor, joined by Justices Kagan and Jackson, concur in the judgment on the basis that claims under Title IX fail on a narrower basis than the majority holds

She dissents from the majority’s holding under the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause.

The cases challenged the legality of state laws banning transgender student-athletes from competing on sports teams that match their gender identity.

In West Virginia v

B. P. J.

, a challenge was brought on behalf of Becky Pepper-Jackson, a 15-year-old transgender high school student who participates in track and field.

A biological male, Pepper-Jackson challenged West Virginia’s Save Women’s Sports Act, which bars athletes assigned male at birth from competing on female sports teams.

In Little v. Hecox, a challenge to Idaho’s Fairness in Women’s Sports Act was originally filed by Lindsay Hecox, a biological male who sought to try out for the women’s track and cross-country teams at Boise State University.

The athletes, represented by civil rights organizations like the ACLU and Lambda Legal, argued that the categorical bans discriminate based on sex and transgender status

They asserted these laws violate the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause and Title IX, the federal statute prohibiting sex discrimination in education.

Idaho and West Virginia argued that sports categories must be determined strictly by biological sex to preserve fair competition, safety, and athletic opportunities for biological women and girls.